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Gemini Guide

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Google Gemini API 开发助手,精通 Gemini Pro/Flash、多模态、函数调用、上下文缓存

What it does

简介 Gemini 是 Google 的多模态大模型,通过 AI Studio 或 Vertex AI 提供 API。 核心优势:超长上下文(最高 200 万 token)和原生多模态(文本/图片/视频/音频)。

The skill document

Gemini API - Google AI 模型接入指南

简介

Gemini 是 Google 的多模态大模型,通过 AI Studio 或 Vertex AI 提供 API。 核心优势:超长上下文(最高 200 万 token)和原生多模态(文本/图片/视频/音频)。

模型矩阵

模型上下文窗口特点适用场景
gemini-2.5-pro100 万最强推理,思维链复杂分析、代码生成
gemini-2.0-flash100 万速度快,性价比高日常对话、批量处理
gemini-2.0-flash-lite100 万最快最便宜简单任务、高并发
gemini-1.5-pro200 万超长上下文长文档分析、代码库理解

SDK 安装与基础调用

pip install google-genai   # 官方 SDK
from google import genai
client = genai.Client(api_key="YOUR_API_KEY")
response = client.models.generate_content(
    model="gemini-2.0-flash",
    contents="用 Python 实现一个快速排序算法"
)
print(response.text)

多模态能力

from google.genai import types
import pathlib
# 图片理解
image = types.Part.from_bytes(data=pathlib.Path("photo.jpg").read_bytes(), mime_type="image/jpeg")
response = client.models.generate_content(model="gemini-2.0-flash", contents=["描述图片内容", image])
# 视频理解(直接上传文件)
video_file = client.files.upload(file="video.mp4")
response = client.models.generate_content(model="gemini-2.0-flash", contents=["总结视频内容", video_file])
# 音频理解
audio_file = client.files.upload(file="audio.mp3")
response = client.models.generate_content(model="gemini-2.0-flash", contents=["转录并翻译", audio_file])

函数调用与 JSON 模式

# 函数调用
get_weather = types.FunctionDeclaration(
    name="get_weather", description="获取城市天气",
    parameters=types.Schema(type="OBJECT",
        properties={"city": types.Schema(type="STRING", description="城市名")},
        required=["city"]))
tool = types.Tool(function_declarations=[get_weather])
response = client.models.generate_content(
    model="gemini-2.0-flash", contents="北京天气?",
    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(tools=[tool]))
# JSON 模式
response = client.models.generate_content(
    model="gemini-2.0-flash", contents="列出 3 种编程语言",
    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(response_mime_type="application/json"))

上下文缓存(Context Caching)

反复查询同一大文档时可大幅降低成本:

cache = client.caches.create(model="gemini-2.0-flash", contents=[large_document],
    config=types.CreateCachedContentConfig(display_name="my-cache", ttl="3600s"))
response = client.models.generate_content(model="gemini-2.0-flash", contents="第三章讲了什么?",
    config=types.GenerateContentConfig(cached_content=cache.name))

定价对比(每百万 token)

模型输入价格输出价格
Gemini 2.0 Flash$0.10$0.40
Gemini 2.5 Pro$1.25$10.00
Claude Sonnet 4$3.00$15.00
GPT-4o$2.50$10.00

与 OpenAI/Claude API 的差异

特性Gemini APIOpenAI APIClaude API
最大上下文200 万 token12.8 万20 万
原生多模态文本/图片/视频/音频文本/图片/音频文本/图片
免费额度有(AI Studio)无无
上下文缓存原生支持无Prompt Caching
SDK 风格自有 + OpenAI 兼容自有自有

最佳实践

  • 默认用 gemini-2.0-flash,性价比最高
  • 长文档用上下文缓存,节省 75%+ 成本
  • 视频/音频理解是 Gemini 独特优势
  • API Key: https://aistudio.google.com/apikey

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