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Component Testing

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Use when authoring or reviewing frontend unit, component, or light integration tests close to UI code, including React Testing Library, Vue Test Utils, hooks/composables, props/emits, callbacks, accessible queries, user-event interactions, mocks, loading/error/empty states, and regression coverage.

What it does

用贴近代码和用户行为的测试验证纯逻辑、组件契约与轻量模块协作,减少重构和 UI 交互回归。

The skill document

组件测试

Purpose

用贴近代码和用户行为的测试验证纯逻辑、组件契约与轻量模块协作,减少重构和 UI 交互回归。

Procedure

1. 先确定测试层级

  • 单元测试:纯函数、hooks/composables、utils、状态逻辑、schema。
  • 组件测试:props/emits、回调、用户交互、loading/error/empty、mock 边界。
  • 轻量集成测试:表单 + API mock + Router/Store/Provider 上下文。

跨页面真实浏览器流程分流到 E2E workflow;测试层选择不清楚时先做测试分层规划。

2. 优先按用户可感知行为测试

每个测试保持 Arrange / Act / Assert 清晰分段:准备数据和渲染、执行用户动作、断言用户可见结果或公开契约。

import { render, screen } from "@testing-library/react";
import userEvent from "@testing-library/user-event";
import { SearchBox } from "./SearchBox";

test("submits the entered keyword", async () => {
  const user = userEvent.setup();
  const onSearch = vi.fn();

  render();

  await user.type(screen.getByRole("searchbox", { name: /keyword/i }), "orders");
  await user.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /search/i }));

  expect(onSearch).toHaveBeenCalledWith("orders");
});

3. Vue 组件使用可访问查询或明确文本断言

import { mount } from "@vue/test-utils";
import UserMenu from "./UserMenu.vue";

test("emits logout when the logout item is clicked", async () => {
  const wrapper = mount(UserMenu, {
    props: { userName: "Ada" },
  });

  await wrapper.get('[data-testid="logout-button"]').trigger("click");

  expect(wrapper.emitted("logout")).toHaveLength(1);
});

优先使用角色、标签和可见文本;仅在没有稳定语义时使用 data-testid。

4. 控制 mock 边界

vi.mock("../api/users", () => ({
  fetchUsers: vi.fn(async () => [{ id: "1", name: "Ada" }]),
}));
  • mock 网络、时间、路由和浏览器 API。
  • 不 mock 被测组件的内部函数。
  • 对设计系统基础组件只做轻量 mock,保留可访问行为。
  • mock 数据应表达业务场景,不使用只有测试作者能理解的随意字符串。
  • 共享 fixture 应保持可读,复杂对象用 builder 补默认值;每个测试只覆盖与场景相关的字段。
  • mock 网络时优先模拟用户可见结果和错误形状,不复制后端实现细节。

5. 覆盖关键状态

每个复杂组件至少覆盖:

  • 默认渲染。
  • 用户交互和回调。
  • loading / empty / error。
  • 权限或禁用态。
  • 键盘交互和焦点行为(适用时)。

6. 保持测试可维护

function setup() {
  const user = userEvent.setup();
  const onSubmit = vi.fn();
  render();
  return { user, onSubmit };
}

将重复渲染逻辑放入 setup,但不要隐藏测试的核心操作和断言。

7. 回归测试先证明问题

  • Bug 修复先写能复现失败的最小测试。
  • 失败原因应指向用户行为或公开契约,而不是导入错误、测试环境或等待方式。
  • 修复后保留回归测试,避免把验证只留在手工步骤里。

Constraints

  • 避免测试实现细节,例如内部 state 名称、私有函数调用、DOM 层级快照。
  • 不把 snapshot 作为交互组件的主要断言;它只能辅助检查稳定静态输出。
  • 异步断言使用 findBy* 或 waitFor,不要用固定延迟。
  • 测试名称应描述用户场景,而不是函数名。
  • 组件测试不能替代 E2E;路由、真实浏览器兼容和跨页流程仍需 E2E。
  • 不在测试里复制组件实现逻辑;否则测试会和错误实现一起通过。
  • 不在测试间共享可变 fixture、全局 store 或 fake timer 状态;每个用例独立 setup 和 cleanup。

Expected Output

产出与组件同目录或项目约定目录下的测试文件,覆盖核心交互、状态和回归场景。验证时运行项目现有 test 命令,确认失败信息能定位到用户行为或组件契约。

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